Islamic Surveys

Chapter 1: Sunni Orthodoxy, 4. Modernism

• pg. 15 fundamentalist groups like Jama'at-i Islami and the Bhopali movement keep aloof of the secular order professed, though not practiced, by the Indian state
• want to purge Islam of Hindu and Western influences
• ulema of India are allied with Indian National Congress, have become stagnant and conservative
• family law: totally revised, polygamy forbidden to everyone but Muslims, who are protected by orthodox theologians
• languages: Urdu being taken out of schools, thus generations growing up without ability to read the language of their Indo-Muslim heritage
• "The future of Islam as a religion in India is therefore bleak. No doubt some regional languages like Guajarati have some Islamic, and considerable Isma-ili literature, but in the great northern plains the Islamic hertiage is coming to a visible end."
• modernsists are allying with secular order, but most indian nationalists like Abid Husayn are no longer content with the idea of being politically and socially frustrated while "maintaining religious faith"

Chapter 5: Folk Beliefs, 2. Popular and Syncretistic Beliefs

• pg. 47 Hindu folklore adopted by Muslims, especially sections of the uneducated masses
• related to childbirth and fertility: 6 days after childbirth, mother takes purifying bath, which represents deliverance from the Hindu godling Chhatti, associated with septicemia which follows childbirth in unhygienic conditions
• pg. 48 many adoptions of Hindu moon-cult practices among Muslims
• Shi'i commemoration of Ali and Fatima's wedding on 12th of Rajab might be a replica of Hindu celebration of Krishna and Radha
• pg. 49 Muslim saint of water, Khidr, synthesized with Hindu godlings by region: 
• Pir Badr (Saint Full Moon) in Bengal
• Darya Pir (River Saint) in Sind
• assimmilated into rituals of maternity in Punjab
• it's a give and take between cultures as some Hindu villages maintain their Hindu traditions after converting to Islam (like in Guajarat)
• pg. 51 many Muslim communities absorbing into Hindu culture through participation in festivals and practices of Hindu folk-beliefs

Chapter 6: Education,